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Demeny voting is the provision of a political voice for children by allowing parents or guardians to vote on their behalf. The term was coined by Warren C. Sanderson in 2007.〔Sanderson, 2007. A Near Electoral Majority of Penioners. Population and Development Review, Volume 33, Issue 3, pages 543–554, September 2007.〕 Under a Demeny voting system, each parent would cast a proxy vote, worth half a vote, for each of their dependent children, thus allowing for a split vote if the parents' political views differ. Once children reach the minimum voting age, their parents would no longer vote on their behalf. ==History== Demeny voting is named after demographer Paul Demeny, who came up with the idea in 1986. Demeny argued that children "should not be left disenfranchised for some 18 years: let custodial parents exercise the children's voting rights until they come of age". Demeny's motivation behind proposing such a system was to "make the political system more responsive to the young generation's interests" and was part of a broader set of policy proposals aimed at combating the low fertility rate in certain countries.〔Demeny, P. 1986 "Pronatalist Policies in Low-Fertility Countries: Patterns, Performance and Prospects," ''Population and Development Review'', vol. 12 (supplement): 335-358.〕 The idea, however, is older than Demeny's idea; it was regularly discussed in France in the 1920s and was almost adopted by the National Assembly.〔Parijs, Philippe van, 1999 ,"The Disenfranchisement of the Elderly, and Other Attempts to Secure Intergenerational Justice", ''Philosophy and Public Affairs'', vol. 27,: 292-333.〕〔Hinrichs, Karl, 2002,"Do the Old Exploit the Young? Is Enfranchising Children a Good Idea?", ''Archives of European Sociology'' Vol 23.〕 In Germany the idea was even first discussed in the 1910s.〔Rupprecht, I. "Das Wahlrecht für Kinder", Baden-Baden 2012, Nomos-Verlag: 26-32〕 In the 1970s and the 1980s lawyers and political scientists began a discussion which is still going on. In 2003 and 2008 the German parliament had votes on whether to introduce a "Kinderwahlrecht" (which is the term in German), but the proposals were defeated.〔http://www.geo.de/GEOlino/nachrichten/1471.html〕 In 2011 Hermann starts a comprehensive economic approach to discuss it.〔Hermann, U. "Ökonomische Analyse eines Kinderwahlrechts", Saarbrücken, südwestdeutscher verlag, http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/diss/receive/FUDISS_thesis_000000021349?lang=en〕 IPieter Vanhuysse (head of research and Deputy Director at the European Centre for social Welfare policy and research,Vienna) argued in 2013 that in Austria, where there is a relatively strong pro-elderly policies, that "(the time is ripe for at least opening a clear-headed and empirically informed democratic debate about the radical idea of giving each parent one half extra vote, to be used on behalf of each under-age child until that child reaches legal voting age ) Japan has discussed Demeny voting as a possible answer to its aging population, which gives disproportionate voice to the elderly as a result of their increasing numbers. This follows the publication of a paper by Reiko Aoki of the Centre for Intergenerational Studies at Hitotsubashi University and Rhema Vaithianathan of the University of Auckland.〔(EconPapers: Is Demeny Voting the Answer to Low Fertility in Japan? )〕 On March 2, 2011, the Centre for Intergenerational Studies at Hitotsubashi University hosted a conference on Demeny voting.〔http://cis.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/Japanese/society/conferences-shoushika.html〕 Aoki and Vaithianathan have also conducted a number of surveys on (voter attitude to Demeny Voting ) and found that a considerable percentage of respondents would cast their children's vote differently to their own. In July 2013, Nikkei in Japan wrote a major editorial supporting the idea as part of a debate on (constitutional reform in Japan ). In Hungary, the ruling coalition has been advocating Demeny voting, but admitted in April 2011 that it probably won't come into practice for some time.〔(Politics.hu, April 4th, 2011: "Fidesz official urges body set up to examine giving extra vote to families" ) Retrieved 2011-06-23〕 Paul Demeny discussed the idea on a CBC interview.〔(CBC interview with Paul Demeny )〕 Professor Miles Corak from the University of Ottawa has also (written a blog ) on the idea and promoted it in Canada. He suggests that it is supported on a humanitarian basis since the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child provides that children be given civil and political rights. He suggests that given the evidence that households where mothers control the purse-strings spend more on their children, it is mothers who ought to be given the proxy vote until the child comes of age. Professor Corak's thesis has been taken up by journalist Chrystia Freeland . 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Demeny voting」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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